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Abu Bakar Bashir ((アラビア語:أبو بكر باعشير); ;(:əˌbuˈbɛkər ba:ʕaɕir) also Abubakar Ba'asyir, Abdus Somad, and Ustad Abu ("Teacher Abu"); born 17 August 1938) is an Indonesian Muslim cleric and leader of Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid.〔U.S. Dept of State, Terrorist Designations of Jemmah Anshorut Tauhid, February 23, 2012, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/02/184509.htm〕 He ran the Al-Mukmin boarding school in Ngruki, Central Java, which he co-founded with Abdullah Sungkar in 1972. He was in exile in Malaysia for 17 years during the secular New Order administration of President Suharto resulting from various activities, including urging the implementation of Sharia law. Intelligence agencies and the United Nations claim he is the spiritual head of Jemaah Islamiyah (also known as JI) and has links with Al-Qaeda. In August 2014, he publicly pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and his declaration of a caliphate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/08/13/sons-top-aides-abandon-ba-asyir-over-isil-form-new-jihadist-group.html )〕 ==Biography== Bashir was born in Jombang, East Java, on 17 August 1938, to a family of Hadhrami Arab and Javanese descent.〔(Preaching fundamentalism )〕〔(A chilling message for the infidels )〕 He was a student of Gontor Islamic boarding school in Ponorogo, graduating in 1959, before entering Al-Irsyad University, in Solo, Central Java, and graduating in 1963. After time as an activist for the ''Islamic Student Association'' ((インドネシア語:Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam)) in Solo, he was elected secretary of Al-Irsyad Youth Organization, and then president of Indonesian Islamic Youth Movement (GPII) (1961), and Indonesian Student Da'wah Organization (LDMI). In 1972, Bashir founded ''Al-Mukmin'' boarding school with friends Abdullah Sungkar, Yoyo Roswadi, Abdul Qohar H. Daeng Matase and Abdllah Baraja. Al-Mukmin is located in Ngruki, near Solo, Central Java. Initially, Al-Mukmin's activities were limited to religious discussion after ''dhuhr'' (mid-day prayer). Following increasing interest, the founders expanded Al-Mukmin into Madrasah (Islamic school) and then to ''Pesantren'' (Islamic boarding school). During Indonesian President Suharto's New Order, Bashir and Sungkar were arrested for a number of reasons, firstly for actively supporting Sharia, the non-recognition of the Indonesian national ideology Pancasila which in part promotes religious pluralism. Secondly, the refusal of their school to salute the Indonesian flag which signified Bashir's continual refusal to recognise the authority of a secular Indonesian state. Bashir appealed but was subsequently imprisoned without trial from 1978 to 1982.〔() 〕 Soon after his release, Bashir was convicted on similar charges; he was also linked to the bomb attack on the Buddhist monument Borobudur in 1985 but fled to Malaysia.〔("Indonesian cleric fights for a Muslim state ) csmonitor.com〕 During his years in exile Bashir undertook religious teachings in both Malaysia and Singapore. The United States government alleged that during this period he became involved with Jamaah Islamiyah, an alleged militant Islamist group.〔(). Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade〕 Bashir remained in exile until Indonesian President Suharto's fall in 1998. Bashir returned to Indonesia in 1999 and became a cleric, renewing his call for Sharia law. Ba'asyir has two sons—Abdul Roshid Ridyo Ba'asyir, born 31 January 1974 in Sukarjo, Java, Indonesia;〔http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2012/sc10577.doc.htm〕 and Abdul Rahim Ba'asyir, born 16 November 1977 in Surakarta, Java, Indonesia〔http://dk.nanoq.gl/Emner/Landsstyre/Departementer/Departement_for_erhverv/~/media/9EA37F5295B8405B813ECD423455BF22.ashx〕— and a daughter, Zulfur. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abu Bakar Bashir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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